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1. Xerostomia induced by radiotherapy: an overview of the physiopathology, clinical evidence, and management of the oral damage

Author

Pinna R, Campus G, Cumbo E, Mura I, and Milia E

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Roberto Pinna,1 Guglielmo Campus,2 Enzo Cumbo,3 Ida Mura,1 Egle Milia2 1Department of Biomedical Science, 2Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, 3Department of Dental Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Background: The irradiation of head and neck cancer (HNC) often causes damage to the salivary glands. The resulting salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia seriously reduce the patient’s quality of life. Purpose: To analyze the literature of actual management strategies for radiation-induced hypofunction and xerostomia in HNC patients. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were electronically evaluated for articles published from January 1, 1970, to June 30, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened and included papers according to the predefined selection criteria. Results: Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The systematic review of the literature suggests that the most suitable methods for managing the clinical and pathophysiological consequences of HNC radiotherapy might be the pharmacological approach, for example, through the use of cholinergic agonists when residual secretory capacity is still present, and the use of salivary substitutes. In addition, a modified diet and the patient’s motivation to enhance oral hygiene can lead to a significant improvement. Conclusion: Radiation-induced xerostomia could be considered a multifactorial disease. It could depend on the type of cancer treatment and the cumulative radiation dose to the gland tissue. A preventive approach and the correct treatment of the particular radiotherapeutic patient can help to improve the condition of xerostomia. Keywords: radiation-induced xerostomia, salivary gland hypofunction, management strategies

Published
2015

5. The COVID-19 pandemic and its global effects on dental practice. An International survey

Author

Campus, G, primary, Diaz Betancourt, M, additional, Cagetti, MG, additional, Giacaman, RA, additional, Manton, DJ, additional, Douglas, GVA, additional, Carvalho, TS, additional, Carvalho, JC, additional, Vukovic, A, additional, Cortés-Martinicorena, FJ, additional, Bourgeois, D, additional, Machiulskiene, V, additional, Sava-Rosianu, R, additional, Krithikadatta, J, additional, Morozova, N Sergeevna, additional, Acevedo, AM, additional, Agudelo-Suarez, AA, additional, Aguirre, G, additional, Aguirre, K, additional, Alfonso, I, additional, Ghaffar, HA, additional, El Fadl, RA, additional, Al Maghlouth, SA, additional, Almerich-Torres, T, additional, Amadori, F, additional, Antia, K, additional, Bajric, E, additional, Barbosa-Liz, DM, additional, Ben-Tanfous, S, additional, Bieber, H, additional, Bhusari, S, additional, Birch, S, additional, Bontà, G, additional, Bottenberg, P, additional, Bruers, JJ, additional, Bustillos, L, additional, Bührens, P, additional, Cai, J, additional, Cairoli, JL, additional, Carrer, FCA, additional, Correa, MB, additional, Cortés-Acha, B, additional, Carrouel, F, additional, de Carvalho Oliveira, R, additional, Cocco, F, additional, Crombie, F, additional, Csikar, JI, additional, Declerck, D, additional, Denkovski, M, additional, Deschner, J, additional, Dopico-San Martin, J, additional, Viktorovna Dudnik, O, additional, Escobar, WY, additional, Elwishahy, A, additional, Fernàndez, CE, additional, Fontana, M, additional, Pericchi, A Frattaroli, additional, Ghorbe, M, additional, Gigineishvili, E., additional, Quintana, A Garcia, additional, Gray, J, additional, Gugnani, N, additional, Gambetta-Tessini, K, additional, Haider, A, additional, Hopcraft, M, additional, Hüttmann, J, additional, Hysenaj, N, additional, Jalal, A, additional, Jikia, M, additional, John, J, additional, Kaps-Richter, G, additional, Tedesco, T Kerber, additional, Leòn, S, additional, Levin, KA, additional, Lew, H Pau, additional, Machado, M Aperecida Moreira, additional, MacLennan, A Beneictovna, additional, Mafeni, J Onome, additional, Braga, M Minatel, additional, Montiel-Company, JM, additional, Malerba, A, additional, Mandić-Rajčević, S, additional, Mamedo, A Askerovich, additional, Mani, S A, additional, Marouane, O, additional, Markovic, D, additional, Martinez, E Paredes, additional, Maroufidis, N, additional, Mendes, F Medeiros, additional, Mendez, C F, additional, Musa, S, additional, Necibi, A, additional, Nor, N Azlida Mohd, additional, Ojukwu, B Tochukwu, additional, Opdam, N, additional, Ottolenghi, L, additional, Owen, J, additional, Pássaro, A, additional, Persoon, IF, additional, Peric, T, additional, Pesaressi-Torres, E, additional, Philippides, V, additional, Plaza-Ruiz, SP, additional, Raggio, D Procida, additional, Cartagena, FJ Rivas, additional, Ramos-Gomez, F, additional, Sabashvili, M, additional, Sanchez, G Solis, additional, Sarmiento, R Villena, additional, Schrader, H, additional, Serban, S, additional, Bairstow, R, additional, Senna, A, additional, Shi, B, additional, Sim, CPC, additional, Slabsinskiene, E, additional, Spagnuolo, G, additional, Squassi, A F, additional, Taiwo, O Olufemi, additional, Thodhorjani, A, additional, Tietler, P, additional, Volgenant, CMC, additional, van der Veen, MH, additional, Vlahovic, Z, additional, Visaria, A, additional, Uzcategui, Y Romero, additional, Xhajanka, E, additional, Yan, Q, additional, Zeng, O, additional, Zeyer, O, additional, Zukanovic, A, additional, and Wolf, TG, additional

Published
2021
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8. Perioperative dental screening and treatment in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery and interventional cardiovascular procedures. A consensus report based on RAND/UCLA methodology

Author

Cotti, E., primary, Cairo, F., additional, Bassareo, P. P., additional, Fonzar, F., additional, Venturi, M., additional, Landi, L., additional, Parolari, A., additional, Franco, V., additional, Fabiani, C., additional, Barili, F., additional, Di Lenarda, A., additional, Gulizia, M., additional, Borzi, M., additional, Campus, G., additional, Musumeci, F., additional, and Mercuro, G., additional

Published
2019
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9. Perioperative dental screening and treatment in patients undergoing cardio-thoracic surgery and interventional cardiovascular procedures. A consensus report based on RAND/UCLA methodology

Author

Cotti, E., primary, Cairo, F., additional, Bassareo, P.P., additional, Fonzar, F., additional, Venturi, M., additional, Landi, L., additional, Parolari, A., additional, Franco, V., additional, Fabiani, C., additional, Barili, F., additional, Di Lenarda, A., additional, Gulizia, M., additional, Borzi, M., additional, Campus, G., additional, Musumeci, F., additional, and Mercuro, G., additional

Published
2019
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12. The Influence of Pregnancy on Sweet Taste Perception and Plaque Acidogenicity

Author

Sonbul, H., Ashi, H., Aljahdali, E., Campus, G., and Lingström, P.

Subjects
Dental caries -- Risk factors, Sweetness (Taste) -- Health aspects, Perception (Psychology) -- Analysis, Pregnancy -- Health aspects, Pregnant women -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Health care industry, Analysis, Physiological aspects, Risk factors, Health aspects
Abstract

Objectives Women undergo different physiological and oral changes during pregnancy and this may increase the risk of dental caries and other oral diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in biofilm acidogenicity and correlate them to sweet taste perception in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods Three groups of Saudi women participated in this cross-sectional study: (1) women in early pregnancy (n = 40/mean age 29.6 years/DMFT 10.7), (2) women in late pregnancy (n = 40/29.5 years/DMFT 10.8) and (3) non-pregnant women (n = 41/27.7 years/DMFT 12.3). Changes in plaque pH were determined by using colour-coded indicator strips before and after a 1-min rinse with a 10% sucrose solution. A taste perception test determining sweet preference and threshold levels was also performed. Results A significant difference regarding plaque pH was seen between the early, late and non-pregnant women when calculated as the area under the curve (p < 0.05). Regarding the taste perception tests, taste preference and threshold were correlated (p < 0.001, r = 0.6). Between the three groups, a statistically significant difference was seen in taste threshold and taste preference respectively (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings in this study suggest that pregnant women may undergo taste changes and experience lower plaque pH, which may result in an increased risk of dental caries., Author(s): H. Sonbul [sup.1] , H. Ashi [sup.2] [sup.3] , E. Aljahdali [sup.4] , G. Campus [sup.5] [sup.6] , P. Lingström [sup.2] [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412125.1Department of Operative Dentistry, [...]

Published
2017
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14. Systematic review and meta-analysis on physical barriers to prevent root dentin demineralization

Author

Wierichs, R J, Müller, T, Campus, G, Carvalho, T S, and Niemeyer, S H

Subjects
610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

The present review systematically analyzed in vitro and in situ studies investigating physical diffusion barriers (sealants, desensitizer or adhesives) to prevent the development or the progression of root (dentin) demineralization. Three electronic databases (PubMed-Medline, CENTRAL, Ovid-EMBASE) were screened for studies from 1946 to 2022. Cross-referencing was used to identify further articles. Article selection and data abstraction were done in duplicate. Languages were not restricted. The type of outcome was not restricted, and their mean differences (MD) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Risk of Bias was graded using Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. From 171 eligible studies, 34 were selected for full-text analysis evaluating 69 different materials, and 17 studies-still evaluating 36 different materials-were included (3 in situ and 14 in vitro). Ten studies evaluated desensitizers; 8 adhesives; and 1 infiltration. Meta-analyses were possible for all 17 studies. Meta-analyses revealed that lesion depth after no treatment was significantly higher than after the application of single-step adhesives (MD[95%CI] = - 49.82[- 69.34; - 30.30]) and multi-step adhesives (MD[95%CI]=-60.09 [-92.65, -27.54]). No significant differences in the lesion depth increase between single- and multi-step adhesives could be observed (MD[95%CI]=30.13 [-21.14, 81.39]). Furthermore, compared to no treatment the increase of the lesion depth was significantly hampered using desensitizers (MD[95%CI] = - 38.02[- 51.74; - 24.31]). Furthermore, the included studies presented unclear or high risk. A physical diffusion barrier can significantly hamper the increase of lesion depth under cariogenic conditions. Furthermore, multi-step adhesives seem not to be more effective than single-step adhesives. However, this conclusion is based on only few in vitro and in situ studies.

Published
2022
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17. Root canal morphology of the mandibular second premolar: a systematic review and meta- analysis

Author

Wolf, Thomas Gerhard, Anderegg, A. L., Wierichs, R. J., and Campus, G.

Subjects
Number of root canals, Male, Research, Mandibular second premolar, Internal morphology, RK1-715, Root canal configuration, 610 Medicine & health, Mandible, Root Canal Therapy, Dentistry, Number of roots, Systematic review, Humans, Bicuspid, Female, Dental Pulp Cavity, Tooth Root, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

Background The aim of this paper was to systematically review the root canal configuration (RCC) and morphology literature of the mandibular second premolar (Mn2P). Methods Systematic research of five electronic databases was performed to identify published literature concerning the root canal configuration (RCC) of the Mn2P up through July 2020. Studies were selected according to predefined search terms and keywords inclusion criteria: “root canal configuration”, “root canal system”, “root canal morphology”, “mandibular second premolar”, “mandibular premolars”, “morphology” and “anatomy”. Further possible studies were identified by cross-referencing and screening the bibliographies of the selected articles. Results From 1622 retrieved studies, 44 studies investigating the internal morphology of 17,839 Mn2Ps were included. Most examined Mn2Ps were single-rooted (89.5–100%); two-rooted (0.1–8%) and three-rooted (0.1–3.5%) Mn2Ps at lower frequency. Most frequent RCCs reported were 1–1–1/1 (55.3–99.6%) followed by 1–1–2/2 (0.5–57%) and 2–2–2/2 (0.6–18%). The meta-analysis of seven studies demonstrated that a significantly higher number of RCC type 1–2–1/1 (OR [95%CI] = 2.05 [1.27, 3.33]) and 2–2–2/2 (OR [95%CI] = 2.32 [0.65, 8.63]) were observed in male than in female patients. Conclusions Different RCC research methods have been reported. Whereas clearing and radiographs were commonly used in the past, CBCT has been prevalent in recent years. A globally high frequency of a 1–1–1/1 RCC in the Mn2P has been reported. Nevertheless, the probability that different, more complicated RCCs can appear in Mn2Ps should not be underestimated and, thus, should be taken into consideration when making decisions during an endodontic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01668-z.

Published
2021

18. Managing Carious Lesions

Author

Schwendicke, F., primary, Frencken, J.E., additional, Bjørndal, L., additional, Maltz, M., additional, Manton, D.J., additional, Ricketts, D., additional, Van Landuyt, K., additional, Banerjee, A., additional, Campus, G., additional, Doméjean, S., additional, Fontana, M., additional, Leal, S., additional, Lo, E., additional, Machiulskiene, V., additional, Schulte, A., additional, Splieth, C., additional, Zandona, A.F., additional, and Innes, N.P.T., additional

Published
2016
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19. Managing Carious Lesions: Consensus Recommendations on Terminology

Author

Innes, N.P.T., primary, Frencken, J.E., additional, Bjørndal, L., additional, Maltz, M., additional, Manton, D.J., additional, Ricketts, D., additional, Van Landuyt, K., additional, Banerjee, A., additional, Campus, G., additional, Doméjean, S., additional, Fontana, M., additional, Leal, S., additional, Lo, E., additional, Machiulskiene, V., additional, Schulte, A., additional, Splieth, C., additional, Zandona, A., additional, and Schwendicke, F., additional

Published
2016
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40. Influence of occlusal characteristics, food intake and oral hygiene habits on dental caries in adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Author

Giugliano D, d’Apuzzo F, Majorana A, Campus G, Nucci F, Flores-Mir C, Perillo L, Giugliano, D, D’Apuzzo, F, Majorana, A, Campus, G, Nucci, F, Flores-Mir, C, and Perillo, L

Subjects
Male, Parents, Oral health, Adolescent, Dental Caries, Social cla, Pediatrics, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Dental carie, Humans, Dental caries, Diet, Malocclusions, Social class, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Dentistry (all), DMF Index, Feeding Behavior, Perinatology and Child Health, Oral Hygiene, stomatognathic diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Social Class, Educational Status, Female, Malocclusion
Abstract

Aim Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases affecting children. The complex multifactorial aetiology of caries involves host (saliva composition and tooth enamel characteristics), oral microflora and substrate (oral hygiene quality and dietary habits composition). Occlusal characteristics may be also a factor in dental caries development. The aim of this aepidemiologic study was to verify the association between DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled Teeth) index and occlusal characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene habits and parents' education level in a sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren from Southern Italy. Materials and Methods A sample of 536 children was examined to detect dental caries status and several occlusal variables (i.e. molar relationship, overjet and overbite, presence of crossbite, scissor bite, crowding, diastemas and/or midline deviation). A questionnaire to retrieve parents' educational level, patient's dietary and oral hygiene habits was administered. The associations among these variables were assessed statistically through the Χ2 test. Results A positive association was found between caries, parents' social status and some occlusal disorders. va specificato, l'abstract non può essere una caccia al tesoro. In relation to occlusal variables, crossbite (Χ2=3.96, P=0.04) was significantly associated to caries. A significant association was also found between the education level of mothers (Χ2=7.74, P < 0.01) and fathers (Χ2=6.35, P=0.01) and the presence of caries. Dietary habits, oral hygiene and remaining occlusal characteristics were not associated with caries presence (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Of the evaluated occlusal characteristics only posterior crossbite was associated with caries prevalence. Education level of the parents was the other factor significantly associated with caries. Dietary habits, oral hygiene frequency and the remaining occlusal characteristics were not associated with dental caries.

Published
2018

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